As it was mentioned above, MRO involves a series of activities that go from component repair through maintenance activities to overhaul service. Additionally, S-LSA aircraft must comply with consensus standards, as well as Federal Aviation Regulations. This availability determination should be made prior to beginning the repair or alteration. Also known as FBOs, these organizations are always based in one specific airport, hence the name. 3. All replacement parts installed conform to approved design and/or have traceability to the original equipment manufacturer (OEM). Ancient computers, too few pilots and air traffic controller shortages He has spent the last 22 years promoting owner-assisted aircraft maintenance and created the first inspection tool for geared alternator couplings available at ApproachAviation.com. You would still need to record the Major Repair and reference the 8110-3 approved data on an FAA Form 337. Maintenance, Repair and Overhaul (MRO) Aviation - Aeroclass.org FAA VERSUS EASA OVERVIEWFigure 1. You can download a copy of AC 120-77 from the Advisory Circular section of this website. The Biggest Problem with Aviation Maintenance and How You Can Fix It Also, in 2019, MRO spending was expected to hit more than $115 billion in just ten years, according to the aviation consultancy Oliver Wyman. (2) Powerplant major alterations. Keep reading as we disclose all the details for you. 9.3 The manufacturer or other entity that performs the evaluation shall provide written instructions and diagrams on how, who, and the level of certification needed to perform the alteration or repair. " . These mechanics are not allowed to service or maintain an engine on an S-LSA, unless appropriately trained to do so. for return to service any aircraft, airframe, aircraft engine, propeller, or appliance after major repair or major alteration unless the work was done in accordance with technical data approved by the Administrator.". The bottom line is that if you are changing how a system works, the basic structural integrity, or the certified operational characteristics of the aircraft, you are making a major alteration. Belvoir Media Group, LLC. If your S-LSA has a type certificated engine or Technical Standards Order (TSO) product installed, major repairs and major alterations on these FAA-approved products will require compliance with the recording requirements to document such changes contained in Part 43. The distinction between a major and a minor alteration and a major and a minor repair is clouded by outdated regulations and guidance material. Jeff Simon is an A&P mechanic, pilot, and aircraft owner. Minor repair means a repair other than a major repair. How do FAA-accepted and DER repairs differ? Unless you are modifying or attaching something to a primary structure, you are not having an appreciable affect on the structural strength of the aircraft. To satisfy the requirements of 65.81, the mechanic must be able to prove to an FAA inspector that he or she performed that work at an earlier date, was trained to do the work, or was supervised by another mechanic or repairman performing that task. MRO services are not limited to the maintenance, repair, and overhaul of commercial airplanes. Jeff is also the creator of SocialFlight, the free mobile app and website that maps more than 20,000 aviation events, hundred-dollar hamburger destinations, and also offers educational aviation videos. Acceptable data developed under the FAA system for a minor repair will be automatically approved by EASA under the pending U.S.-EU Bilateral Aviation Safety Agreement. Form 337, Major Repair and Alteration (Fuselage, Power Plant, Propeller, or Apparatus) is the documentation required for one-off repairs or modifications to an individual fuselage, engine, or propeller. Let's look again at 14 CFR Part 145.51: 145.51 Privileges of certificates (xii) Overhaul of controllable pitch propellers. These types of approvals are called field approvals and are not so widely used anymore. (10) Applying preservative or protective material to components where no disassembly of any primary structure or operating system is involved and where such coating is not prohibited or is not contrary to good practices. your Facebook account, or anywhere that someone would find this page valuable. 14 CFR Part 1.1 Lubrication of nose gear retract actuator. propeller, appliance, or component part has been performed satisfactorily, the signature, certificate number, and kind of certificate held by the person approving the work. All previously approved data has to be applicable to the requested major repair or major alteration. They can be described as small organizations specialized in specific areas of repair like airframes or electric systems. One Simple Fix Could Have Prevented the I-95 Bridge Collapse (11) Repairing upholstery and decorative furnishings of the cabin, cockpit, or balloon basket interior when the repairing does not require disassembly of any primary structure or operating system or interfere with an operating system or affect the primary structure of the aircraft. So now we know who is responsible to make the determination on whether a repair or alteration is major or minor. (ix) Hydraulic and electrical actuating system of components. Therefore, MRO technicians and equipment help ensure flying aircraft runs safely and reliably by using their ground support equipment. Every repair (even a blend) is an alteration of the aircraft structure and needs to be assessed for damage tolerance compliance, ref. Spell each of the following words, adding the suffix that is given. It is not real clear in the appendix. In many cases, an STC includes a supplement to the POH or flight manual that notates the changes and identifies how they affect aircraft performance. He is an A&P mechanic with Inspection Authorization and also a private pilot, IATA Launches World Sustainability Symposium, AviationPros Podcast: Battery Chemistry and Its Impact on eGSE, Swissport Grows its Pharma Business and Opens New Cooling Facility at Dublin Airport, MCO Goes Secure with dormakaba Exit Lane Breach Control Technology, Newark Liberty International Airports Very Jersey Terminal A, International Air Transport Association (IATA). This list is a part of the regulations that is outdated and difficult at times to apply to a particular situation. According to Ric Peri, vice president at the Aviation Electronics Association, the FAA still considers the 8110 definitions as a good point of reference. The reason is that commercial airlines have these MRO facilities in their major hub to service their own fleet only. A team of professionals with a deep passion for the aviation industry bringing you the newest and the most striking industry-related news and content. 2023 Endeavor Business Media, LLC. This is the real reason to use MRO aviation to categorize those organizations. Experts in bridge safety explain how a simple fixthermal insulationwould prevent deadly and costly catastrophes in the future. There is no FAA involvement. Form FAA 337 - Major Repair and Alteration (Airframe, Powerplant The second reason we care about the difference between major and minor is that all major repairs or alterations must be performed in accordance with approved data. (xxviii) Repairing, including rebottoming, of removable or integral fuel tanks and oil tanks. While it is true that the term has been generalized to refer to many different companies in the industry, it is also true that all of them revolve around the maintenance of aircraft. Typical components requiring repair are failed instruments or controls that are not responding as expected, structural issues like dents, or broken windows, among others. This was later adopted as Appendix A to part 43. ", 14 CFR Part 43 Appendix B (a) All regulatory bodies and manufacturers must purchase their own copy of the standards, read, and interpret them. . (ii) Monocoque or semimonocoque wings or control surfaces. A primary responsibility of the holder of an IA is to determine airworthiness by inspecting repairs or alterations for conformity to approved data, and assuring that the aircraft is in a condition for safe operation. Replacing seats or seat parts with replacement parts approved for the aircraft, not involving disassembly of any primary structure or operating system. FAA-approved portions of Structural Repair Manuals (SRM). 1:08. However, the FAA did not include these key definitions in the updates. In order to standardize the application of the term major repair, the FAA published a list of parts and types of repairs considered major in Civil Aeronautics Manual (CAM) 18 in 1953. PDF Engine Repairs - Federal Aviation Administration ASTM defined the terms in ASTM F2483 as follows: 3.1.10 major repair, alteration, or maintenance -- any repair, alteration, or maintenance for which instructions to complete the task excluded from the maintenance manual(s) supplied to the consumer are considered major. (21) Replacing any hose connection except hydraulic connections. Major Repair: A repair that fits one or more of the following: Might appreciably affect airworthiness by changing weight, balance, structural strength, performance, powerplant operation, or flight characteristics if improperly done; or Is not done according to accepted practices or cannot be done by elementary operations. It is found deeper into Appendix B (b) to Part 43. (3) Servicing landing gear shock struts by adding oil, air, or both. . Its all about changing the certified limits of the aircraft. According to Freeman, this is a major opportunity to demonstrate the nation's commitment to building a world-class aviation system, and how critical it is to the entire economy. . However, it remains the list that is available and must be used to make the decision. The holder of . It is the responsibility of the installer to determine whether an alteration is minor or major based on the federal aviation regulations. (iii) Installation of an accessory which is not approved for the engine. If the task is not in the manual, you must request written authorization from the manufacturer. So, the person performing the maintenance is the one who decides if the repair or alteration is major or minor and that person could be a mechanic, a repairman (who, by the way, must be employed . Often the novel change is approved through the flight test period, but other performance parameters may remain untested. Each part is then inspected to discard any potential issues and to determine whether it is fit to get back in operation. (ii) Changes to the engine by replacing aircraft engine structural parts with parts not supplied by the original manufacturer or parts not specifically approved by the Administrator. If the manufacturer allows an owner to install avionics under the supervision of a mechanic, it is important to note that this must be an A&P since a LSRM cannot supervise. They are accepted by the FAA for the purpose of certificating light sport aircraft. So, MRO organizations can expect a brilliant future for their businesses. . The definition of a major repair or alteration for an S-LSA was required to be included in the ASTM standards by the FAA and is documented in the preamble of the final rule. The Rotax 912 is by far the most popular engine used in most S-LSAs. "(a) Except as provided in paragraphs (b), (c), and (d) of this appendix, each person performing a major repair or major alteration shall - It usually comes in the form of planned or preventive maintenance or when inspections discover any potential issues. (3) Propeller major alterations. Deion Sanders recovering after successful emergency surgery to repair (13) Replacing side windows where that work does not interfere with the structure or any operating system such as controls, electrical equipment, etc. Because the classification of a repair as either major or minor is not a 14 CFR Part 25 requirement, this classification is outside the scope of FAA authority delegated to Boeing. The horse with the sllvery mane and white tall was chosen by . The next question is who is it that must make the decision that the repair or alteration is major in nature. Workmanship meets the requirements of 14 CFR part 43, section 43.13 (the aircraft or product is equal to its original or properly altered condition). Develop for yourself, clear boundaries around Part 43 Appendix A so that you will not find yourself on the fence when deciding between major and minor. This means that if you can correctly classify your alteration as minor, your mechanic will have a reasonable amount of leeway in the project. Major vs. Minor | Aviation Pros There is a lot to learn and understand. Then there are the other questions: What exactly does the FAA mean by something that affects weight, balance, structural strength, performance, etc.?. 2023 Aircraft Owners and Pilots Association, Aircraft Maintenance: Major vs minor alterations, part 2, determining if an alteration to an aircraft is major or minor, CubCrafters testing slats with fans to boost lift, FAA bill earns unanimous House committee approval. This includes installation of new avionics or any propeller changes. Maintenance, Preventive Maintenance, Rebuilding, and Alteration, the holder of a pilot certificate issued under 14 CFR Part 61 may perform specified preventive maintenance on any . All differences, deviations, inclusions, and exclusions between the original use of the data and the current one must Major repairs are those that if improperly done, might appreciably affect weight, balance, structural strength, performance, power-plant operation, flight characteristics, or other qualities affecting airworthiness or that; are not done according to accepted practices or elementary operations.
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