The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Analytics". His servant-boy said to him: This website uses cookies to improve your experience while you navigate through the website. Completing ones tasbeehaat while sitting in a bayaan. Al-Khadr said to him (Moosa). The fish was touched by the water of that spring, His. L-Cysteine is a dough conditioner commonly used in food items and is often derived from human hair. be glorified and exalted, Who has no partner. A small theory suggested that al-Khidr is another name for the Tamil god Murugan as some say their origins are similar to one another, but this theory seems to be unproven. Then they found one of Our He has no relation with Alexander the Great, who lived in three hundred BC. junction of the two seas, but there is no reliable evidence to support any 3401) and Imam Muslim (no. He refers to a saying of Muhammad that al-Khir ("the Green" or "the Verdant") was named because he sat on a white fur and it shimmered green with him. You have done Moosa greeted him with salaam, and d. He was described in the Quran as one We had taught knowledge from Ourselves (18:65), which demonstrates that this knowledge was direct and revelatory. It is known that mercy and the bestowal of knowledge from Allah is more general and comes in more ways than via prophethood. [47], In Ismailism, al-Khir is considered one of the 'permanent Imams'; that is, those who have guided people throughout history.[48]. [68] The tale of the angel and the monk is part of a wider Late Antique Christian tradition of theodicy. on Twitter: "RT @Jagseer22G: Al Khidr is described want to know the story of Moosa with al-Khadr (peace be upon them both), But he was not a Messenger, because of . "Verily! Every soul shall taste death. (21:34-35), Rather, the scholars differed regarding when Khidr (Allah bless him) would die. These cookies help provide information on metrics the number of visitors, bounce rate, traffic source, etc. The Status of a Job Acquired with False Certification. And how canst thou have patience about things about which thy understanding is not complete? explain some of the meanings of this portion along with tafseer (commentary) These cookies help provide information on metrics the number of visitors, bounce rate, traffic source, etc. stanbul: Szler Neriyat. "[35] Moses promises to be patient and obey him unquestioningly, and they set out together. And as for the boy, his parents were believers, and we feared lest he By IslamQA Was al-Khidr an angel, a Messenger, a Prophet or a wali ("saint")? narrated from Ubayy ibn Kab (may Allah be pleased with him) that he heard [65] A close association between Elijah and Khir is also first attested from a number of early Islamic sources. Could you please explain? Al-Tabari also adds to lore surrounding the origins of al-Khir's name. knowledge from Us. [31] Muslim scholars identify him as Khir, although he is not explicitly named in the Quran and there is no reference to him being immortal or being especially associated with esoteric knowledge or fertility. Functional cookies help to perform certain functionalities like sharing the content of the website on social media platforms, collect feedbacks, and other third-party features. are these authentic? This is because the former is decisive thereby establishing certainty while the latter is probabilistic and does not establish certainty. According to Ahmadi commentaries, Moses' journey towards, and his meeting with the "servant of God" was a visionary experience similar to the Mi'raj (ascension) of Muhammad whom Moses had desired to see and was shown in this vision. Stack Exchange network consists of 181 Q&A communities including Stack Overflow, the largest, most trusted online community for developers to learn, share their knowledge, and build their careers. (With the popularity of vampire movies and TV shows today, this is quite an interesting concept). In Khidr Kills a Boy This time, instead of harming anyone or anything, the Servant of God restores a decrepit wall in the village. Was al-Khidr a Prophet - Wiki In Sufi tradition, al-Khir holds a distinguished position as a figure who receives illumination directly from God without human mediation. into the sea. The companion of Musa (alayhis salam) in Jannah, The Reliability of an Alleged Report Regarding Social Distancing. This website uses cookies to improve your experience while you navigate through the website. The cookie is set by the GDPR Cookie Consent plugin and is used to store whether or not user has consented to the use of cookies. and yearning made Moosa say these words to his servant-boy. Al-Khir repeatedly breaks his oath not to speak out against Gabriel's actions, and is still unaware that the human teacher is actually Gabriel. that is, or until I cover a great distance. According to the Muhadditheen, he was not a prophet but a Waliy (saint) of Allah who had . So for the fish it was a tunnel, and for Moosa and his servant-boy was knowledge, in comparison to Allahs knowledge, is no more than the water #wednesdaythought Must watch Sadhna tv at 7.30 pm #ProphetMuhammad_NeverAteMeat Allah Kabir The mass transmitted reports from the righteous on meeting Khidr (Allah bless him), which is what Imam Nawawi mentions in the paragraph cited previously. As such, though we may disagree with the view points of others, we must not make the details surrounding our liege lord Khidr (Allah bless him) bones of contention. Moosa (Moses) said: Have you scuttled it in order to drown its people? According to the Sufis, he is still alive. Nursi, S., & Vahide, S. (2001). In various Islamic and non-Islamic traditions, Khidr is described as a messenger, prophet, wali, slave and angel, who guards the sea, teaches secret knowledge and aids those in distress. taught (by Allah)?. Verily, you have committed a thing Nukra (a great Munkar - prohibited, [86] His principal shrine is on an island of the Indus River by Bhakkar in Punjab, Pakistan.[86]. determination on his part, hence he went ahead with his plan. Some scholars suggest that al-Khir is also represented in the Arthurian tale Sir Gawain and the Green Knight as the Green Knight. man, and your Lord intended that they should attain their age of full Can you interpret it? It is narrated from Abu Hurayra (Allah be well pleased with him) that the Prophet (Allah bless him and grant him peace) said, He was named Khidr because he sat on a dry, barren piece of land and it suddenly became green under him. [Bukhari, Tirmidhi] Was Khidr (Allah bless him) a Prophet? One night, Ben Levi and Elijah are hosted by a poor man who owns only a cow, which Elijah slaughters. Verily, you have Advertisement cookies are used to provide visitors with relevant ads and marketing campaigns. Answer: Assalamu alaikum wa rahmatullah, I pray this finds you in the best of health and states. Ibn Hajar in his Fath al-Bari cites Ibn `Atiyya as stating that most scholars held that he was a prophet. According to Wahb ibn Munabbih, quoted by Ibn Hisham, King ab was given the epithet Dhu al-Qarnayn by al-Khidr after meeting him in Jerusalem. disobey you in aught., He (Khadr) said: Then, if you follow me, ask me not about anything till I Some religious scholars have doubts about this belief. Answer: Learn how and when to remove this template message, "Ambiguous Sanctuaries and Bektashi Propaganda", "Saint George (Khidr) Slays the Dragon and Becomes a Saint", "Myths from Mesopotamia Creation, the Flood, Gilgamesh, and Others", "Helenistik ve Enohu Yahudilik Balamnda Kehf Suresi: Musa, Hzr ve Zlkarneyn", "Un parallle byzantin Coran, XVIII, 5981", "The Jewish and Moslem Versions of Some Theodicy Legends. Is it Permissible to Wear Tanned Lizard Leather? RT @I_aym_Saad: Islamqa is same one-leg fitna grp. Have you killed an innocent person who had killed none? Al-Khidr ( / xdr /) ( Arabic: , romanized : al-Khair; also transcribed as al-Khadir, Khader, Khidr, Khizr, Kathir, Khazer, Khadr, Khedher, Khizir, Khizar, Khilr ), is a figure described but not mentioned by name in the Quran as a righteous servant of God possessing great wisdom or mystic knowledge. Khidr (Allah bless him) is an individual mentioned extensively in surah al-Kahf of the Quran as a companion of our liege-lord Musa (Allah bless him). Publication : 25-06-2008 Views : 23137 en Question I heard that amongst the signs of the last hour that the Anti-Christ is alive until he comes out, the hadeeth of Tameem Ad-Daari. Another hadeeth of the prophet, peace be upon him, says what means that all those who are alive at that day will die within 100 years. Prophets Who Are Still Alive My question is that where is the Holy Prophet sallallaahu alayhi wa sallam and can he watch usI would like to ask about the 5 or 6 Prophets who are still alive like Khidr Enoch and othersWhat duties do they perform All perfect praise be to Allah The Lord of the Worlds I testify that there is none worthy of worship ex. Allah said in surah al-Kahf, "So they set out until when they met a boy, al-Khidhr killed him. Khidr - Books on Islam, Muslims, Prophet Muhammad(s), Ahlul Bayt Ibn Hajar in his Fath al-Bari cites Ibn `Atiyya as stating that most scholars held that he was a prophet. Please could you tell me about Al-Khidr? - IslamQA Al-Khir was on a long search for God, until God, out of his mercy, sends the Archangel Gabriel to guide him. Functional cookies help to perform certain functionalities like sharing the content of the website on social media platforms, collect feedbacks, and other third-party features. Adam (peace be upon him) was the first of the Prophets, as it says in the hadeeth narrated by Ibn Hibbaan in his Saheeh, that the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) was asked about Adam - was he a Prophet? interpretation of (those) things over which you were unable to hold found therein a wall about to collapse and he (Khidr) set it up straight. A:With regard to Khidr (Alaihis Salaam) there are two opinions. The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Performance". #wednesdaythought Must watch Sadhna tv at 7.30 pm #ProphetMuhammad_NeverAteMeat Allah Kabir So Allah, may He be glorified These cookies ensure basic functionalities and security features of the website, anonymously. [39], Persian scholar, historian and exegete of the Qur'an Muhammad ibn Jarir al-Tabari, writes about Khidr in a chapter of his The History of al-Tabari, called "The Tale of al-Khir and His History; and the History of Moses and His Servant Joshua." Elijah became the prophet of the Israelites after the death of Prophet Ezekiel (). The Status of a Job Acquired with False Certification. Is an Entry Fee at a Charity Event Considered Charity? After this, he stated that a bird sat on the boat and put its beak into the sea, getting a drop or two onto it. Theo Maarten van Lint, "The Gift of Poetry: Khidr and John the Baptist as Patron Saints of Muslim and Armenian qs Aus", Van Ginkel J.J.. H.S. people is most knowledgeable? By clicking Accept, you consent to the use of cookies. will find me patient, and I will not disobey you in aught. al-Khadr saw a boy playing with some other boys. And as for the wall, it belonged to two orphan boys in the town; and there [34] The Servant informs him that "surely you [Moses] cannot have patience with me. Sitting with ones back towards the Qiblah, Using interest money to pay import duties, Navigating Separation: Rules and Communication, Forgetting the Quraan Majeed after memorizing it, The Status of a Job Acquired with False Certification. The Strange Life of Al-Khidr, the Legendary Immortal Prophet, Mystic Can non-Muslims witness marriage registration in Sri Lanka despite differing laws and Qazi court jurisdiction? But when they reached the junction of the two seas, they forgot their fish, In certain parts of India, al-Khir is also known as Khawaja Khidr, a river spirit of wells and streams. Home Hanafi Fiqh Muftionline.co.za The Islamic Belief on Khidr: Prophet, Angel, or Wali? they both proceeded, till, when they embarked the ship, he (Khidr) scuttled In comparison to other saints, God gave al-Khir the powers and the knowledge of the highest ranking saint (al-ghawth), such as the power of free disposal reaching far beyond the Arsh and having all God-sent scriptures in memory. The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Analytics". Al-Tabari seems more inclined to believe that al-Khir lived during the time of Afridun before Moses, rather than traveled as Abraham's companion and drank the water of life. Al-Khadr took hold of the These cookies track visitors across websites and collect information to provide customized ads. Some, whose statement is given no consideration, opposed this stating that it was not Khidr who was the companion of Musa but another knowledgable person. [Tafsir Ahkam al-Quran]. He called them to worship Allah, the Majestic, the Glorious, and he stressed upon them that they should give up their . Story of Prophet Moses and Al Khidr: A Lesson in Patience | About Islam He ruled Children of Israel for 22 years and according to a narration, he died at the age of 127 and was buried in Mount Ephraim. You can ask your question on the website via this link: https://islamqa.info/en/ask, Password should contain small, capital letter and at least 8 characters long, Log in The story of Moosa (peace be upon him) with al-Khadr - Islam Question Both characters have some surprisingly common features. of Mine at the junction of the two seas who is more knowledgeable than Another factor that may indicate that he was a prophet is the fact that Musa (peace be upon him) humbled himself before him and said (interpretation of the meaning): May I follow you so that you teach me something of that knowledge (guidance and true path) which you have been taught (by Allah)? [al-Kahf 18:66]. I want to know the story of Moosa (peace be upon him) with the man who took him to the ship, and their story with the boy. their story.. The cookies is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Necessary". End Muhammad al-Bukhari reports that al-Khir got his name after he was present over the surface of some ground that became green as a result of his presence there. [37], Ja'far al-Sadiq narrates in Kitab al-Kafi that after entering the sacred Mosque in Mecca, Ali, Hasan ibn Ali, and Husayn ibn Ali were visited by a good looking, well dressed man who asked them a series of questions. Messenger of Allah (blessings and peace of Allah be upon him) said: Would He is described as God's special servant, a protector, trickster, saint, and mystic, who has been identified with various ancient deities. Can a anaf Resident Pray Behind a Shfie Traveller? The fact that the mercy (rahma) given to Khidr (Allah bless him) refers to revelation is shown by the phrase from Us, namely a revelation from Allah, as well as the fact that the word rahma is indefinite which in the Arabic language indicates exoltation as well as the unfathomable nature of the reality indicated by the word. of Allah, who has knowledge that you do not have. [81] Al-Khir agrees, and eventually stumbles upon the Water of Life on his own. Yusha is a prophet that ruled Children of Israel based on the decrees of the Torah. [74], In the Quranic narrative which immediately precedes Moses's encounter with Khir, a fish that Moses and his servant had intended to eat escapes into the sea, and the prophet encounters Khir when he returns to the place where the fish escaped. we came and they did not feed us or give us any hospitality. So strength and take out their treasure as a mercy from your Lord. ibn Noon set out with him. Is Khidr (as) a Prophet? : r/shia - Reddit Hasan answered the questions and upon this, the man testified to the prophet-hood of Muhammad followed by testifying that Ali and his Ahl al-Bayt are the successors and heir to his message. Al-Khadr said to him: Then, if you follow me, ask me not about anything till I myself mention it to you.. Moosa (Moses) said to him (Khadr): May I follow you so that you teach me You also have the option to opt-out of these cookies. But it may be understood from some verses that the mercy mentioned here was the mercy of prophethood, and that this knowledge which came from Allah was the knowledge of revelation. From the general meaning of the Quranic verses Then they found one of Our slaves, on whom We had bestowed mercy from Us, and whom We had taught knowledge from Us [al-Kahf 18:65], it appears that Al-Khidr was a prophet. He killed the individual after Allah commanded him to do so. 4 If al-Khidr had lived until the time of the Prophet SAWS (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him), he would have followed him, supported him and fought alongside him, because he was sent to the two races of jinn and mankind. [30] Muslim ibn al-Hajjaaj said that Abd-Allaah ibn Abd-Allaah ibn Umar said: The Messenger of Allaah SAWS (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) led us in praying Isha one night towards the end of his life, then he stood up and said: Do you see this night of yours? It recognise the place where that slave was. We also use third-party cookies that help us analyze and understand how you use this website. [59][bettersourceneeded], The source of the Quranic episode of Moses's journey with Khir has been the subject of different opinions of various scholars. Moses sets out with a travel companion, and once they reach a certain rock, the fish comes to life, jumps into the water, and swims away. A Mosque in the area of Medina, possibly: This page was last edited on 15 June 2023, at 06:27. [29] Finally, it has been suggested that the name of Khidr is derived from Arabic 'hadara', a verb meaning 'to be present' or 'be in the presence', and it was explained over time by a similar Arabic word meaning 'green', ("al-akhar") 'to be green' in Arabic. There narratives regarding witnessing him, gathering with him, taking from him, asking him questions and receiving answers from him, and his presence in noble and good situations and abodes is more than can be enumerated and more famous than can be concealed. Some contemporary scholars have disagreed with this assessment;[25] however some others point to a possible reference to the Mesopotamian figure Utnapishtim from the Epic of Gilgamesh through the Arabization of his nickname, "Hasisatra". Is earning commission on sale/purchase of vehicles/properties halal for Muslims? window.__mirage2 = {petok:"BPm6N3p9RXOSwIs4Np5QPeG_v2Xqw2.jXpmFfvfyuu0-1800-0"}; One of the proofs is mentioned above. hadeeth of Ubayy ibn Kab it says: Moosa order to present the story simply and make it easier to talk about it and He spends time teaching Musa, peace be upon him, but is never named. then you have to read the verses in Soorat al-Kahf that tell of this story, Ive also heard a smaller number claim him to be an immortal. [Qurtubi, Ahkam al-Quran; Abul Su`ud, Tafsir; Razi, Tafsir al-Kabir; Nawawi, Sharh Sahih Muslim] Is Khidr (Allah bless him) Alive? Imam Muslim (no. [CDATA[ It took its He was one granted mercy and taught knowledge (18:65) from Allah Most High and his brief journey with our liege-lord Musa (Allah bless him) is one of the most intriguing and spiritually profound narratives within the Quran. [75] The Alexander Romance is partly derived from the ancient Epic of Gilgamesh, which means that the Quranic narrative is ultimately related to the story of Gilgamesh. He is considered to be alive and many respected figures, shaykhs, and prominent leaders in the Sufi community claim to have had personal encounters with him. hadeeth of Ubayy ibn Kab, it says: Then 1 When Hz. Then when they came to the rock, they lay down Al-Khir - Britannica Source: The cookie is set by GDPR cookie consent to record the user consent for the cookies in the category "Functional". our journey. As for Accordingly, al-Khir is Moses' spiritual guide, who initiates Moses into the divine sciences, and reveals to him the secret mystic truth. Many acts which seem to be evil, malicious or somber, actually are merciful. For example, Kothar and Khidr possess wisdom and secret knowledge. next morning, Moosa said to his servant boy: He is the hidden initiator for Uwaisi Sufis, who enter the mystical path without being initiated by a living master, instead following the guiding light of earlier masters or, in their belief system, by being initiated by al-Khir. al-Khadr pulled out one of the planks of the ship with an adze. This Moses again cries out in astonishment and dismay, and again the Servant reminds Moses of his warning, and Moses promises that he will not violate his oath again, and that if he does he will excuse himself from the Servant's presence. al-Khadr said: How could there be peace (salaam) in your land? (Moosa) 759)", Current Ummah of Islam (Ummah of Muhammad), ibn Abdullah ibn Abdul-Muttalib ibn Hashim, 1585 Ottoman expedition against the Druze, 1860 civil conflict in Mount Lebanon and Damascus, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Khidr&oldid=1160232105, Supernatural beings identified with Christian saints, Articles with dead external links from May 2023, Articles with permanently dead external links, Short description is different from Wikidata, All articles with specifically marked weasel-worded phrases, Articles with specifically marked weasel-worded phrases from April 2023, Articles needing additional references from January 2023, All articles needing additional references, Articles with unsourced statements from October 2019, Articles lacking reliable references from October 2019, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 4.0, Mother Abiona or Amtelai the daughter of Karnebo. Allah has taught you and which I do not know. Moosa said: If Allah will, you As mentioned before, a lot of the issues are subject to difference of opinion due to the probabilistic nature of the proof-texts. In this line of analysis, Khir is considered an Islamic counterpart of Utnapishtim, the immortal sage of Mesopotamian mythology with esoteric knowledge from the gods, who Gilgamesh unsuccessfully consults in order to attain immortality. 3 - The Prophet SAWS (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) said that one hundred years after the night on which he was speaking, none of the people who were on the face of the earth then would still be alive. The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Performance". may He be glorified and exalted, revealed to Moosa a sign by which he would said to his boy-servant: I will not give up (travelling) until I reach the From the general meaning of the Quranic verses, it appearsthat Al-Khidr was a prophet. I indeed What is the difference between a Prophet and a Messenger? Al-Tabari describes several versions of the traditional story surrounding al-Khir. [60] But a very recent study has shown that the Qur'anic story is full of Jewish symbols, even if we cannot historically identify its likely original form. The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Other. At the end of the story Khidr explains the circumstances unknown to Moses that made each of the actions fair and appropriate. J@g$EE $iNgH on Twitter: "Al Khidr is described as a messenger These cookies will be stored in your browser only with your consent. Is it Permissible to Allow Wheelchairs in a Masjid? This is because the word mercy (rahma) is sometimes associated with revelation as in the Quranic verse, You did not expect that the book would be sent down to you, but it is a mercy (rahma) from your Lord. (28:86). This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. Ahmadis believe that the Quranic passage of Moses' encounter with the "Servant of God" is closely linked, contextually, to the subject matter of surah Al Kahf in which his story is cited. Is it mandatory to wash the earlobe as part of the face when performing wudhu? [52], There are many figures in Iran whose place Khidr took by the Islamization process. Can we recite Durood Akbar, Durood Nariyah. - Islam Guide Was al-Khidr a Prophet? myself mention it to you., Al-Khadr was one of the sons of Adam (i.e., human) but, as al-Haafiz Ibn Womens Attire in Private and Around Unmarriageable Relatives. Is it Permissible to Allow Wheelchairs in a Masjid? 3401) and When they boarded the ship, suddenly [30], In one of the most influential hypotheses on the source of the Khir story, the early twentieth-century Dutch historian Arent Jan Wensinck[de] argued that the tale was derived from a Jewish legend involving the Talmudic rabbi Joshua ben Levi and the Biblical prophet Elijah. Here the worshippers pray for the fertilising rain and celebrate the greening of nature and the renewal of life. Is it Permissible to Allow Wheelchairs in a Masjid? Imam Ali The various versions in al-Tabari's History more or less parallel each other and the account in the Quran. Stack Exchange network consists of 181 Q&A communities including Stack Overflow, the largest, most trusted online community for developers to learn, . I indeed forgot the The function of al-Khir as a 'person-archetype' is to reveal each disciple to himself, to lead each disciple to his own theophany, because that theophany corresponds to his own 'inner heaven,' to the form of his own being, to his eternal individuality. Stack Exchange Network. Adwaa al-Bayaan, 4/178-183, You can ask your question on the website via this link: https://islamqa.info/en/ask, Password should contain small, capital letter and at least 8 characters long, Log in Language links are at the top of the page across from the title. Entire works have been written on him and the above was a brief overview of some of the more common issues people inquire about. These cookies ensure basic functionalities and security features of the website, anonymously. Is Employees Jam`iah a Form of what is Called Lend me and I Lend you? This was [66] Ben Jacob may have changed the character of the faulty disciple from Moses to Joshua ben Levi because he was wary of attributing negative qualities to the Jewish prophet and because Ben Levi was already a familiar recurrent character in Jewish literature. so it began to move and escaped from the basket into the sea. Khidr stated that their combined knowledge was equivalent to the water the bird took out of the sea, with the sea being Allah's knowledge. It is also stated in tafsir books that the Dhul-Qarnayn Wall is the Great Wall of China. [38], The Islamic scholar Said Nurs believed that Khidr, a figure in Islamic tradition, is alive and at the second degree of life. Allah, Both are also known as "sailor" figures who are symbolically associated with sea, lake and rivers. I have some of the knowledge of Allah which He has taught me and which you do not know, while you have some knowledge which Allah has taught you which I do not know." The Quran states: (67) He (Khidr) said: "Verily! you.. [41] In this specific version, al-Khir comes across the River of Life and, unaware of its properties, drinks from it and becomes immortal. [71], Schwarzbaum has argued that the Quranic narrative originated in a Late Antique context in which Christian theodicy legends involving monks were popular, with being the equivalent of the Christian pneumatic with knowledge derived directly from the Divine. A: patience, They Khidr or al-Khidr ( al-Khir; also transcribed as al-Khadir, Khader, Khadr, Khedher, Khizr, Khizir, Khyzer, Qeezr, Qhezr, Qhizyer, Qhezar, Khizar, Xzr, Hzr) is a name ascribed to a figure in the Quran as a righteous servant of God possessing great wisdom or mystic knowledge. He performed actions, such as killing a child and sinking a ship, that could have only been commanded by means of revelation (wahy) and not spiritual disclosure and unveiling (ilham/kashf). [7] The figure of al-Khidr has been syncretized over time with various other figures including Draoa[8] and Sorsh in Iran,[9][10][11] Sargis the General[12][13] and Saint George in Asia Minor and the Levant,[14] Samael (the divine prosecutor) in Judaism, Elijah among the Druze, John the Baptist in Armenia, and Jhulelal[15] in Sindh and Punjab in South Asia.[16][17][18][19][20][21].
