[110] Among prominent historical events that have been attributed to youth bulges are the role played by the historically large youth cohorts in the rebellion and revolution waves of early modern Europe, including the French Revolution of 1789,[111] and the effect of economic depression upon the largest German youth cohorts ever in explaining the rise of Nazism in Germany in the 1930s. [127], The statistical analysis of war was pioneered by Lewis Fry Richardson following World War I. [14] Keeley explains that early war raids were not well organized, as the participants did not have any formal training. Within the realist school as represented by scholars such as Henry Kissinger and Hans Morgenthau, and the neorealist school represented by scholars such as Kenneth Waltz and John Mearsheimer, two main sub-theories are: The two theories are not mutually exclusive and may be used to explain disparate events according to the circumstance. [70], Most estimates of World War II casualties indicate around 60million people died, 40million of whom were civilians. Proportionality regards how much force is necessary and morally appropriate to the ends being sought and the injustice suffered. The purpose is to destroy the other contender's resources so that they are unable to continue to wage war. 'pa pdd chac-sb tc-bd bw hbr-20 hbss lpt-25' : 'hdn'">. It is generally characterized by extreme violence, destruction, and mortality, using regular or irregular military forces. Language links are at the top of the page across from the title. For example, the territory of Alsace-Lorraine has been traded between France and Germany on three different occasions. Defintion of Triple Entente. Related terms for 'war effort': the British Legion, civil, civilian, civvy, collateral damage, evacuee, ex-service, ex-serviceman, ex-servicewoman [126], The rationalist theory focused around bargaining is currently under debate. Any opinions expressed in the examples do not represent those of Merriam-Webster or its editors. Armed conflicts of powerful states with isolated and powerless peoples are usually called pacifications, military expeditions, or explorations; with small states, they are called interventions or reprisals; and with internal groups, rebellions or insurrections. 0 && stateHdr.searchDesk ? This page is not available in other languages. Get XML access to fix the meaning of your metadata. Top Quotes by Hirohito That Are Strikingly Memorable. 1 : conscious exertion of power : hard work a job requiring time and effort 2 : a serious attempt : try making an effort to reduce costs 3 : something produced by exertion or trying the novel was her most ambitious effort 4 : effective force as distinguished from the possible resistance called into action by such a force 5 war effort | meaning of war effort in Longman Dictionary of Yes! During the Thirty Years' War in Europe, the population of the Holy Roman Empire was reduced by 15 to 40 percent. The death toll of World War II, being over 60million, surpasses all other war-death-tolls.[48]. These examples are programmatically compiled from various online sources to illustrate current usage of the word 'war.' Wikipedia . respond that military force may sometimes be at least as effective as trade at achieving economic benefits, especially historically if not as much today. [5], The earliest evidence of prehistoric warfare is a Mesolithic cemetery in Jebel Sahaba, which has been determined to be about 13,400 years old. [62] The war remains the deadliest conflict in American history, resulting in the deaths of 620,000 military personnel. Military technology | Definition, History, Advances, & Weapons In politics and military planning, a war effort refers to a coordinated mobilization of society's resourcesboth industrial and human towards the support of a military force. war effort translation in English - English Reverso dictionary, see also 'effort bargain, effortful, effortless, effector', examples, definition, conjugation Ankony, Robert C., "Sociological and Criminological Theory: Brief of Theorists, Theories, and Terms", Berlin Institute for Population and Development, "How is the Term "Armed Conflict" Defined in International Humanitarian Law? War effort. Merriam-Webster.com Dictionary, Merriam-Webster, https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/war%20effort. Accessed 27 Jun. During a war, brief pauses of violence may be called for, and further agreed to ceasefire, temporary cessation, humanitarian pauses and corridors, days of tranquility, de-confliction arrangements. [72] Since a high proportion of those killed were young men who had not yet fathered any children, population growth in the postwar Soviet Union was much lower than it otherwise would have been. Hear a word and type it out. [124] According to philosopher Iain King, "Most instigators of conflict overrate their chances of success, while most participants underrate their chances of injury."[125] King asserts that "Most catastrophic military decisions are rooted in groupthink" which is faulty, but still rational. Crossover use of peacetime elements of society and economy for wartime uses became important because of the scarcity of manpower and the large size of armies and specialized materials used for war production (rubber, aluminum, steel, etc.). Any opinions expressed in the examples do not represent those of Merriam-Webster or its editors. Like the religious wars of the 17th century, war becomes part of grand designs, such as the rising of the proletariat in communist eschatology or the Nazi doctrine of a master race. Honors World History Chapter 29: The Great War war meaning: 1. armed fighting between two or more countries or groups, or a particular example of this: 2. a. 2023. On the one hand, war had become an intractable social phenomenon, the elimination of which seemed to be an essential precondition for the survival of mankind. In all ages war has been an important topic of analysis. war effort From Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English Related topics: Military war effort noun [ singular] things done by all the people in a country to help when that country is at war Examples from the Corpus war effort This belief was like a ball and chain for the allied war effort. Despite Fornari's theory that man's altruistic desire for self-sacrifice for a noble cause is a contributing factor towards war, few wars have originated from a desire for war among the general populace. [13], Keeley describes several styles of primitive combat such as small raids, large raids, and massacres. [132], Lewis Coser, an American conflict theorist and sociologist, argued conflict provides a function and a process whereby a succession of new equilibriums are created. War also results in lower quality of life and worse health outcomes. The wordgames anagrams, crossword, Lettris and Boggle are provided by Memodata. Its role was to oversee the war effort in Minnesota. war effort. This page was last edited on 24 January 2023, at 10:42. [.] Additionally, about 1.8% of the population loses access to drinking water. [22], Entities contemplating going to war and entities considering whether to end a war may formulate war aims as an evaluation/propaganda tool. All you have to do is tell them they are being attacked and denounce the pacifists for lack of patriotism and exposing the country to danger. Add new content to your site from Sensagent by XML. He wanted to contribute in some way to the, Ukraine's ministry of digital transformation has coordinated with actor Mark Hamill and other celebrities to raise more than $108 million to buy drones for Ukraine's, Japans continued economic relationship with a Russian ally is helping Russias, The call was also an important gesture for McCarthy, coming at a time when several GOP House members, including some of his close political allies, are calling for the United States to stop funding the Ukrainian, The documents show that the United States has gained access to the internal plans of Russias notorious Wagner Group, a private military contractor that has supplied forces to Russias, And without artillery, the backbone of the, Britain, France, and Russia, who had been at war since the summer of 1914, welcomed the news that American forces and supplies would be used in the Allied, During World War II, it was owned by the government to make things for the, And in a country accustomed to pluralistic politics, opposition parties have seen in Zelenskys leadership an over-personification of Ukraines struggle, centered on him at the expense of the thousands of other top officials and the millions of Ukrainians engaged in the, Post the Definition of war effort to Facebook, Share the Definition of war effort on Twitter, Palter, Dissemble, and Other Words for Lying, Skunk, Bayou, and Other Words with Native American Origins, Words For Things You Didn't Know Have Names, Vol. A windows (pop-into) of information (full-content of Sensagent) triggered by double-clicking any word on your webpage. See full entry for 'war' Collins COBUILD Advanced Learner's Dictionary. Thinking about war, consequently, became increasingly more differentiated because it had to answer questions related to very different types of conflict. Some proponents of the idea argue that war, while innate, has been intensified greatly by developments of technology and social organization such as weaponry and states. Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy - The Philosophy of War, McClintock and Strong Biblical Cyclopedia - War, History World - History of Warfare - Land, Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy - War, World History Encyclopedia - War in Ancient Times, war - Children's Encyclopedia (Ages 8-11), warfare - Student Encyclopedia (Ages 11 and up). [113], Youth bulge theory has been subjected to statistical analysis by the World Bank,[114] Population Action International,[115] and the Berlin Institute for Population and Development. will be sentenced to death for undermining the military. 153 Synonyms & Antonyms of WAR - Merriam-Webster Transportation . Maori . [82] Military theorist Carl von Clausewitz said, "Every age has its own kind of war, its own limiting conditions, and its own peculiar preconceptions. Find out more, Societal change can be one result of a war effort. When 'thingamajig' and 'thingamabob' just won't do, A simple way to keep them apart. The art of maneuver became decisive, and analysis of war was couched accordingly in terms of strategies. [129]:149 Furthermore, trade relations which result in a high level of dependency may escalate tensions and lead to conflict. Most English definitions are provided by WordNet . Subscribe to America's largest dictionary and get thousands more definitions and advanced searchad free! and The technology of war may be divided into five categories. [96] Montagu's argument is supported by ethnographic research conducted in societies where the concept of aggression seems to be entirely absent, e.g. |Last modifications, Copyright 2000-2022 sensagent Corporation: Online Encyclopedia, Thesaurus, Dictionary definitions and more. Thus, he argues, warfare is not a universal human occurrence and appears to have been a historical invention, associated with certain types of human societies. Subscribe to America's largest dictionary and get thousands more definitions and advanced searchad free! The word in the example sentence does not match the entry word. 2023. In the relative order of post-Napoleonic Europe, the mainstream of theory returned to the idea of war as a rational, limited instrument of national policy. Boggle. 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Delivered to your inbox! American Revolution Timeline: The Major Events and Battles, Examples of Humanitarian Acts: Giving Aid in Different Ways. [132], The two principal aspects of ethics in war, according to the just war theory, are jus ad bellum and jus in bello. See full entry for 'war' Collins COBUILD Advanced Learner's Dictionary. [97] Bobbi S. Low has observed correlation between warfare and education, noting societies where warfare is commonplace encourage their children to be more aggressive.[98]. (1989), Helgerson, John L. (2002): "The National Security Implications of Global Demographic Trends", Heinsohn, G. (2006): "Demography and War", Heinsohn, G. (2005): "Population, Conquest and Terror in the 21st Century". [64] Of the 450,000 soldiers who crossed the Neman on 25 June 1812, less than 40,000 returned. Sign up for our weekly newsletters and get: By signing in, you agree to our Terms and Conditions It will follow periods with total fertility rates as high as 48 children per woman with a 1529-year delay. Only you will see it until the Cambridge Dictionary team approves it, then other users will be able to see it and vote on it. [142][143] Pauses in conflict can also be ill-advised, for reasons such as "delay of defeat" and the "weakening of credibility". Click on the links below to explore the meanings. Example Sentences Recent Examples on the Web Ukraine's ministry of digital transformation has coordinated with actor Mark Hamill and other celebrities to raise more than $108 million to buy drones for Ukraine's war effort. war effort. Thus, the struggle of opposing forces, rather than being disruptive, may be a means of balancing and maintaining a social structure or society. These distinctions indicate the varying focuses of interest and the different analytical categories employed by the theoretician, but most of the actual theories are mixed because war is an extremely complex social phenomenon that cannot be explained by any single factor or through any single approach. Determining what ' behavioural science' or ' systems theory' meant was much harder than acknowledging . [42][43][44] For instance, of the nine million people who were on the territory of the Byelorussian SSR in 1941, some 1.6million were killed by the Germans in actions away from battlefields, including about 700,000 prisoners of war, 500,000 Jews, and 320,000 people counted as partisans (the vast majority of whom were unarmed civilians). the Chewong and Semai of the Malay peninsula. noun : all that is being done to win a war He wanted to contribute in some way to the war effort. The War Powers Act is a congressional resolution designed to limit the U.S. president's ability to initiate or escalate military actions abroad. Updates? [100][101] Some centrist, capitalist, world leaders, including Presidents of the United States and U.S. from the Cambridge English Dictionary That said, overall the number of casualties from war has not significantly increased in recent times. Implicit in the concept of war effort was that the entire society was expected to contribute in some way; this served the double purpose of improving morale as well as resource conservation. Nglish: Translation of war for Spanish Speakers, Britannica English: Translation of war for Arabic Speakers, Britannica.com: Encyclopedia article about war. "[83], Dutch psychoanalyst Joost Meerloo held that, "War is oftena mass discharge of accumulated internal rage (where)the inner fears of mankind are discharged in mass destruction."[84]. Effort - Definition, Meaning & Synonyms | Vocabulary.com war effort | Example sentences - Cambridge Dictionary war effort : definition of war effort and synonyms of war effort (English) [47], Three of the ten most costly wars, in terms of loss of life, have been waged in the last century. variable noun A war is a period of fighting or conflict between countries or states. War aims may stand as a proxy for national-military resolve. [145][146], This article is about war in general. There are six main criteria for the declaration of a just war: first, any just war must be declared by a lawful authority; second, it must be a just and righteous cause, with sufficient gravity to merit large-scale violence; third, the just belligerent must have rightful intentions namely, that they seek to advance good and curtail evil; fourth, a just belligerent must have a reasonable chance of success; fifth, the war must be a last resort; and sixth, the ends being sought must be proportional to means being used. What is Total War? Definitions and Examples Any opinions in the examples do not represent the opinion of the Cambridge Dictionary editors or of Cambridge University Press or its licensors. [87] Far more often the general population has been reluctantly drawn into war by its rulers. [4], The English word war derives from the 11th-century Old English words wyrre and werre, from Old French werre (also guerre as in modern French), in turn from the Frankish *werra, ultimately deriving from the Proto-Germanic *werz 'mixture, confusion'. In politics and military planning, a war effort is a coordinated mobilization of society's resourcesboth industrial and human towards the support of a military force. In certain cases, land is ceded to the victorious nations. Anti-war movements have existed for every major war in the 20th century, including, most prominently, World War I, World War II, and the Vietnam War. This entry is from Wikipedia, the leading user-contributed encyclopedia. In the usage of social science, certain qualifications are added. [7], Since the rise of the state some 5,000 years ago,[8] military activity has occurred over much of the globe. [77][78] Middle English werre, from Anglo-French werre, guerre, of Germanic origin; akin to Old High German werra strife; akin to Old High German werran to confuse, Middle English werre, from Old Norse verri, adjective, verr, adverb; akin to Old English wiersa worse more at worse, 12th century, in the meaning defined at sense 1a(1), 13th century, in the meaning defined at sense 1, 13th century, in the meaning defined above, 15th century, in the meaning defined above. Additionally, it has been estimated anywhere from 18% to 54% of Vietnam war veterans suffered from posttraumatic stress disorder. World War I | History, Summary, Causes, Combatants, Casualties, Map [86] Fornari thought war and violence develop out of our "love need": our wish to preserve and defend the sacred object to which we are attached, namely our early mother and our fusion with her. [63], During Napoleon's retreat from Moscow, more French military personnel died of typhus than were killed by the Russians. Warfare refers to the common activities and characteristics of types of war, or of wars in general. For the racehorse, see, Military and civilian casualties modern human history, to confuse, to perplex, to bring into confusion, The term "armed conflict" is used instead of, or in addition to, the term "war" with the former being more general in scope. War aims can change in the course of conflict and may eventually morph into "peace conditions"[35] the minimal conditions under which a state may cease to wage a particular war. [76], World War II was the most financially costly conflict in history; its belligerents cumulatively spent about a trillion U.S. dollars on the war effort (as adjusted to 1940 prices). war effort (countable and uncountable, plural war efforts) A coordinated mobilisation of a country's resources, both industrial and human, in support of its military forces during a war. Depending on the militarization of the culture, the relative size of the armed forces and the society supporting them, the style of government, and the popular support for the military objectives, such war effort can range from a small industry to complete command of society. [104], The violent herderfarmer conflicts in Nigeria, Mali, Sudan and other countries in the Sahel region have been exacerbated by land degradation and population growth. Boggle gives you 3 minutes to find as many words (3 letters or more) as you can in a grid of 16 letters. Definition of Triple Alliance. For the adult, nations are the sacred objects that generate warfare. Translations. "Top Ten Problems of Humanity for Next 50 Years", Professor R. E. Smalley, Energy & NanoTechnology Conference, Rice University, 3 May 2003. 1946 January and February, "Notes and News: Demolition of Rhydyfelin Viaduct", in Railway Magazine, page 52: Total war is mainly characterized by the lack of distinction between fighting lawful combatants and civilians. Although certain societies, especially nomadic raiders and mobile cavalry societies such as the Mongols, specialized in providing war effort-like support for their armies, the idea of a specialized war effort that diverted supplies, means of production, and people to military support came into general use only with the increased specialization of the industrial revolution. However, major wars over shorter periods have resulted in much higher casualty rates, with 100200 casualties per 100,000 over a few years. On the other hand, the use of war as an instrument of policy was calculated in an unprecedented manner by the nuclear superpowers, the United States and the Soviet Union. [45] Another byproduct of some wars is the prevalence of propaganda by some or all parties in the conflict,[46] and increased revenues by weapons manufacturers. "Negative war aims" forestall or prevent undesired outcomes. [120] Under one game theory approach, rationalist theories posit all actors can bargain, would be better off if war did not occur, and likewise seek to understand why war nonetheless reoccurs. Copyright HarperCollins Publishers Definition of 'effort' effort (eft ) variable noun [oft NOUN to-infinitive] If you make an effort to do something, you try very hard to do it. A quiz to (peak/peek/pique) your interest. [67], Most wars have resulted in significant loss of life, along with destruction of infrastructure and resources (which may lead to famine, disease, and death in the civilian population). Offensive arms harm the enemy, while defensive weapons ward off offensive blows. Handbook of Evolution The Evolution of Human Societies and Cultures Wiley-VCH Verlag, Howell, Signe and Roy Willis, eds. "The Origin of Great Wars. [139], Religious groups have long formally opposed or sought to limit war as in the Second Vatican Council document Gaudiem et Spes: "Any act of war aimed indiscriminately at the destruction of entire cities of extensive areas along with their population is a crime against God and man himself. It merits unequivocal and unhesitating condemnation."[140]. 2. "[19], Mao Zedong urged the socialist camp not to fear nuclear war with the United States since, even if "half of mankind died, the other half would remain while imperialism would be razed to the ground and the whole world would become socialist."[20]. Estimates for total deaths due to war vary wildly. They treat war as an institution recognized in custom or in law . Omissions? World War I, which was total in character because it resulted in the mobilization of entire populations and economies for a prolonged period of time, did not fit into the Clausewitzian pattern of limited conflict, and it led to a renewal of other theories. Usage explanations of natural written and spoken English, British and American pronunciations with audio, As with other middle and upper class women who joined the, Finally, the power of the labour movement had grown as manpower became an increasingly key resource in the. War effort definition and meaning | Collins English Dictionary The web service Alexandria is granted from Memodata for the Ebay search. | [65] In addition, if it were not for modern medical advances there would be thousands more dead from disease and infection. Hence it is that you murder and devour one another, that you wage wars, and that many among you perish in civil strife. Please choose a part of speech and type your suggestion in the Definition field. This might include targeting major infrastructure and blocking access to water, internet, or imports (often through blockades). Pope Urban II in 1095, on the eve of the First Crusade, advocating Crusade as a solution to European overpopulation, said: For this land which you now inhabit, shut in on all sides by the sea and the mountain peaks, is too narrow for your large population; it scarcely furnishes food enough for its cultivators. For the period 3000 BCE until 1991, estimates range from 145 million to 2 billion. A coordinated mobilisation of a country's resources, both industrial and human, in support of its military forces during a war. Thomas Malthus (17661834) wrote that populations always increase until they are limited by war, disease, or famine. Otherwise, warfare serves broad ideologies and not the more narrowly defined interests of a sovereign or a nation. [71] Deaths in the Soviet Union were around 27 million. [144] Natural causes for a pause may include events such as the 2019 coronavirus pandemic. Effort. Merriam-Webster.com Dictionary, Merriam-Webster, https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/effort. War can be seen as a growth of economic competition in a competitive international system. Of the 60million European military personnel who were mobilized in World War I, 8million were killed, 7million were permanently disabled, and 15million were seriously injured. Click on the links below to explore the meanings. Delivered to your inbox! These examples are programmatically compiled from various online sources to illustrate current usage of the word 'effort.' [137] Failure to follow these rules can result in the loss of legitimacy for the just-war-belligerent. EFFORT | definition in the Cambridge English Dictionary Throughout the course of human history, the average number of people dying from war has fluctuated relatively little, being about 1 to 10 people dying per 100,000. Throughout history, limitations on the scope of warfare have been more economic and social than political. [134][135], Jus in bello (right in war), is the set of ethical rules when conducting war. war effort doesn't have a definition yet. Geoffrey Parker, Introduction in Parker, ed. The, The argument is made from pages 314 to 332 of, Robert J. Bunker and Pamela Ligouri Bunker, "The modern state in epochal transition: The significance of irregular warfare, state deconstruction, and the rise of new warfighting entities beyond neo-medievalism. These examples are from corpora and from sources on the web. The word is related to the Old Saxon werran, Old High German werran, and the modern German verwirren, meaning 'to confuse, to perplex, to bring into confusion'. Sociologists usually apply the term to such conflicts only if they are initiated and conducted in accordance with socially recognized forms. In politics and military planning, a war effort refers to a coordinated mobilization of society's resourcesboth industrial and humantowards the support of a military force. [85] This aggressiveness is fueled by displacement and projection where a person transfers his or her grievances into bias and hatred against other races, religions, nations or ideologies. 1 work that is done during a war, usually by people who are not fighting but are doing other things to help their country keep fighting Synonyms and related words Definition and synonyms of war effort from the online English dictionary from Macmillan Education. Naturally, the common people don't want war; neither in Russia nor in England nor in America, nor for that matter in Germany. Cambridge University Press). In the 21st century, worldwide anti-war movements occurred in response to the United States invasion of Afghanistan and Iraq.
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