"[329], The relationship between Obama and Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu (who held office for all but two months of Obama's presidency) was notably icy, with many commenting on their mutual distaste for each other. "Barack Obama and the Politics of Military Force, 20092012. The full text of Barack Obama's First Inaugural Address at Wikisource. [146] Though some Democrats argued that Obama could unilaterally raise the debt ceiling under the terms of the Fourteenth Amendment,[147] Obama chose to negotiate with Congressional Republicans. [490] In a September 2010 survey by the United States Presidency Centre of the Institute for the Study of the Americas at the University of London School of Advanced Studyone year and eight months into the Obama presidency47 unnamed respondents who were UK academic specialists on American history and politics ranked 40 of 42 US presidents from 1789 to 2009, not including Obama; if Obama had been included he would have ranked 8th, behind Harry S. Truman but ahead of Ronald Reagan and all other post-World War II US presidents. Anti-government protests broke out in Benghazi, Libya, in February 2011,[407] and the Gaddafi government responded with military force. [402] The Obama administration announced its intention to review US military assistance to Saudi Arabia after Saudi warplanes targeted a funeral in Yemen's capital Sanaa, killing more than 140 people. How long was Barack Obama the President of the United States? [144] The proposal never received a vote in Congress, but it served as a template for future plans to reduce the national debt. [347] The TPP became a major campaign issue in the 2016 elections, with both major party presidential nominees opposing its ratification. Obama [396] The partisan fight over the Iran nuclear deal exemplified a broader ideological disagreement regarding American foreign policy in the Middle East and how to handle adversarial regimes, as many opponents of the deal considered Iran to be an implacably hostile adversary who would inevitably break any agreement. [380] Obama stated that he was normalizing relationships because the economic embargo had been ineffective in persuading Cuba to develop a democratic society. In con [334] Obama also increased aid to Israel, including a $225 million emergency aid package for the Iron Dome air defense program. [486] Obama's approval ratings slowly increased during 2012, and they rose above 50% shortly before the 2012 election, in which Obama defeated Mitt Romney. WebObama was up for re-election in 1998; Illinois state senators serve one two-year term and two four-year terms each decade. [366][367], As of 2015, US drone strikes had killed eight American citizens, one of whom, Anwar al-Aulaqi, was targeted. [39] After several nomination battles, Senate Democrats in 2013 reformed the use of the filibuster so that it could no longer be used on executive or judicial nominations (excluding the Supreme Court). [356] Many members of Congress strongly opposed plans to transfer Guantanamo detainees to prisons in US states, and the Obama administration was reluctant to send potentially dangerous prisoners to other countries, especially unstable countries such as Yemen. [249][252] Obama's presidency also saw the launch of the Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter and the Mars Science Laboratory. [426] Starting in 2014, the Obama administration launched air strikes against ISIL and trained anti-ISIL soldiers, while continuing to oppose Assad's regime. [76] Following his inauguration, Obama asked that Congress pass a bill to put a cap on domestic carbon emissions. [247][248] It included new technology programs, increased R&D spending, an increase in NASA's 2011 budget from $18.3 billion to $19 billion, a focus on the International Space Station, and plans to contract future transportation to Low Earth orbit to private companies. In June, on the day of the final primaries, Obama clinched the nomination by winning a majority of the delegates, including both pledged delegates and superdelegates. His Republican opponent was Mitt Romney, a former governor of Massachusetts. Obama's second mid-term election turned into another wave election, as Republicans won control of the Senate and picked up several governorships. [330] However, Obama continued the US policy of vetoing UN resolutions calling for a Palestinian state, and the administration continued to advocate for a negotiated two-state solution. [196][197] In December 2016, President Obama invoked the Outer Continental Shelf Lands Act to ban offshore oil and gas exploration in large parts of the Arctic and Atlantic Oceans. [486] Obama's approval rating would remain stable until the 2010 elections,[486] when Republicans won major gains in both houses of Congress and took control of the House. [385] The restored ties between Cuba and the US were seen as a boon to broader Latin AmericaUnited States relations, as Latin American leaders unanimously approved of the move. [179] In 2013, the Senate passed an immigration bill with a path to citizenship, but the House did not vote on the bill. Obama Cabinet of President Barack Obama January 20, 2009January 20, 2013 (Term 1) 1 The post was vacant from the resignation of John Bryson in June 2012 until the swearing in of Penny Pritzker in June 2013. Barack Obama Facts | Britannica Hate Crimes Prevention Act, Energy policy of the Obama administration, Criminal justice reform in the United States, Space policy of the Barack Obama administration, Commercial Orbital Transportation Services, National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, Edward M. Kennedy Institute for the United States Senate, Foreign policy of the Barack Obama administration, List of international presidential trips made by Barack Obama, East Asian foreign policy of the Barack Obama administration, links between Trump associates and Russian officials and spies, United Nations Security Council Resolution 2334, Transatlantic Trade and Investment Partnership, Comprehensive and Progressive Agreement for Trans-Pacific Partnership, President Obama on Osama bin Laden's Death, Remarks by the President on Osama bin Laden, American-led intervention in the Syrian Civil War, Citizens for Responsibility and Ethics in Washington, 2012 Democratic Party presidential primaries, Historical rankings of presidents of the United States, United States presidential approval rating, Federal political scandals, Barack Obama administration, King: Second 100 days will be bigger test for Obama, In First 100 Days, Obama Flips Bush Admin's Policies, "Obama: I will be the Democratic nominee", "The Most Important Takeover of Any Organization in History", "For Obama, No Time to Bask in Victory As He Starts to Build a Transition Team", "20th Amendment to the United States Constitution", "Obama Signs First Presidential Proclamation", "Obama halts all regulations pending review", "Threat to Legacy Gives Obama Powerful Motive to Stump for Hillary Clinton", "Obama Issues Directive to Shut Down Guantnamo", "Obama Reverses Key Bush Security Policies", "Ethics Commitments by Executive Branch Personnel", "Obama Overturns Mexico City Policy Implemented by Reagan", "Obama Lifts Bush's Strict Limits on Stem Cell Research", "Obama Looks to Limit Impact of Tactic Bush Used to Sidestep New Laws", "Obama signs sweeping public land reform legislation", "PROMISES, PROMISES: Obama tax pledge up in smoke", "USA POLITICS Obama wins his economic stimulus package, but without the bipartisanship he sought", "The Party of No: New Details on the GOP Plot to Obstruct Obama", "The Obama Cabinet: Confirmations & Nominations", "The Most Important WikiLeaks Revelation Isn't About Hillary Clinton: What John Podesta's emails from 2008 reveal about the way power works in the Democratic Party", "Obama's 'team of rivals' Cabinet living out the president's 'no drama' mantra", "Just Inside 100 Days, Sebelius Completes the Cabinet", "McConnell: Blocking Supreme Court Nomination 'About A Principle, Not A Person', "More Republicans Say They'll Block Supreme Court Nominee", "Supreme Court nominee out in cold as election heats up", "President Obama's Supreme Court Nomination of Merrick Garland Expires", "Senate approves change to filibuster rule after repeated Republican blocks", "No Congress Since 1960s Has Impact on Public as 111th", "Health Policy Is Carved Out at Table for 6", "Timeline: Milestones in Obama's quest for healthcare reform", "Senate passes health-care bill, now must reconcile it with House", "Three big differences between House and Senate healthcare bills", "Obama Not Worried About 'Procedural Rules' like "Deem and Pass" for Health Care Political Punch", "Democrats yet to decide on health-care bill bear the weight of Washington", "House passes health-care reform bill without Republican votes", "Obama Signs Health Care Overhaul Bill, With a Flourish", "Congress Passes Final Tweaking to Health Reform Bill", "Congress Approves Final Health Overhaul", "Democrats Embrace Once Pejorative 'Obamacare' Tag", "OBAMACARE GOP lawmakers: Time to move on from Obamacare repeal", "Legacies of Obama presidency and Roberts court are forever intertwined", "Website mess gives fuel to Obamacare critics", "Jeff Zients helped salvage HealthCare.gov. As President Barack Obama wound down his eight years in the White House and President Donald Trump took office, TIME History asked a variety of experts to Sen. Tim Scott (R-S.C.) took a jab at former President Obama this week after the Democrat criticized the Now it might take decades", "Deja vu for U.S. troops celebrating Christmas in Iraq again", "New in 2017: Big decisions for the wars in Iraq, Syria and Afghanistan", "Obama Sets Timetable for Iraq Withdrawal, Calling It Part of Broader Middle East Strategy", "Fact Check: Did Obama Withdraw From Iraq Too Soon, Allowing ISIS To Grow? [79] In 2013, Obama announced that he would bypass Congress by ordering the EPA to implement new carbon emissions limits. Barack Obama's tenure as the 44th president of the United States began with his first inauguration on January 20, 2009, and ended on January 20, 2017. [137][139], Shortly after Obama's 2012 re-election, Congressional Republicans and Obama again faced off over the final fate of the Bush tax cuts. On taking office, Obama focused on negotiations with Iran over the status of its nuclear program, working with the other P5+1 powers to adopt a multilateral agreement. [215] Health experts criticized the government's response as slow and weak. Obama [140] For earnings greater than that amount, the income tax increased from 35% to 39.6%, which was the top rate before the passage of the Bush tax cuts. By Associated Press. [163] Obama also issued dozens of executive orders intended to help LGBT Americans,[164] including a 2010 order that extended full benefits to same-sex partners of federal employees. [199] The proposed 1,000-mile (1,600km) pipeline would have connected Canada's oil sands with the Gulf of Mexico. [72] Obama called for further Wall Street reform after the passage of Dodd-Frank, saying that banks should have a smaller role in the economy and less incentive to make risky trades. [125][126] In the aftermath of the recession, median household income (adjusted for inflation) declined during Obama's first term, before recovering to a new record high in his final year. [486] In 2015, Obama's approval ratings climbed to the mid-to-high 40s, with his approval and disapproval ratings roughly matching each other. [403] The UN accused the Saudi-led coalition of "complete disregard for human life". [449][450] The Obama administration also introduced the Open Government Directive, which encouraged government agencies to publish data and collaborate with the public, and the Open Government Partnership, which advocated open government norms. [270][271] China's continued emergence as a major power was a major issue of Obama's presidency; while the two countries worked together on issues such as climate change, the China-United States relationship also experienced tensions regarding territorial claims in the South China Sea and the East China Sea. [477] Ronald Brownstein of The Atlantic noted that these losses were similar to those of other post-World War II two-term presidents. [267] However, American forces continued to clash with Islamic militant organizations such as al-Qaeda, ISIL, and al-Shabaab[268] under the terms of the AUMF passed by Congress in 2001. [348] After Obama left office, President Trump pulled the United States out of the TPP negotiations, and the remaining TPP signatories later concluded a separate free trade agreement known as the Comprehensive and Progressive Agreement for Trans-Pacific Partnership. [152], In October 2013, the government shut down for two weeks as Republicans and Democrats were unable to agree on a budget. [351] Obama repeatedly stated his desire to close the detention camp, arguing that the camp's extrajudicial nature provided a recruitment tool for terrorist organizations. [citation needed] In December 2014, Cuba released Alan Gross in exchange for the remaining members of the Cuban Five. [49] However, the House bill included a tax increase on families making more than $1 million per year and a public health insurance option, while the Senate plan included an excise tax on high-cost health plans. During the 111th Congress, when Democrats held a majority in the Senate, Obama successfully nominated two Supreme Court Justices: Justice Antonin Scalia died in February 2016, during the 114th Congress, which had a Republican majority in the Senate. [304] In 2014, Obama announced that most troops would leave Afghanistan by late 2016, with a small force remaining at the US embassy. [243], In July 2009, Obama appointed Charles Bolden, a former astronaut, as NASA Administrator. (and why does it still matter? Obamas Netflix Series Asks If Weve Ignored the Workplace for [305] In September 2014, Ashraf Ghani succeeded Hamid Karzai as the President of Afghanistan after the US helped negotiate a power-sharing agreement between Ghani and Abdullah Abdullah. [272] An advocate for nuclear non-proliferation, Obama successfully negotiated arms-reduction deals with Iran and Russia. [251], Obama promoted various technologies and the technological prowess of the United States. The October 2013 launch of HealthCare.gov, a health insurance exchange website created under the provisions of the ACA, was widely criticized,[62] even though many of the problems were fixed by the end of the year. Obama faced major challenges during his two-term tenure in office. In 2016, Obama called on the United States to land a human on Mars by the 2030s. In fact, the stress of the job led him to sometimes smoke eight or nine cigarettes a day, and he often sought out a "discreet location to grab an evening smoke," Obama writes.While Obama did say in 2009 that he'd mostly quit smoking early in his presidency, he admitted he sometimes broke down and smoked occasionally. [105] Obama asked for a second major stimulus package in December 2009,[106] but no major second stimulus bill passed. Gaman-Golutvina, Oxana. [127] The poverty rate peaked at 15.1% in 2010 but declined to 12.7% in 2016, which was still higher than the 12.5% pre-recession figure of 2007. List of presidents of the United States | Britannica [206] In 2009, President Obama signed the Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2010, which repealed a 21-year-old ban on federal funding of needle exchange programs. [319] In December 2010, the Senate ratified New START in a 7126 vote, with 13 Republicans and all Democrats voting in favor of the treaty. [443] However, Obama continued to make use of secret memos and the state secrets privilege, and he continued to prosecute whistleblowers. [423] US criticism of Assad intensified after the Ghouta chemical attack, eventually resulting in a Russian-backed deal that saw the Syrian government relinquish its chemical weapons. Obama attended the 2009 United Nations Climate Change Conference, which drafted the non-binding Copenhagen Accord as a successor to the Kyoto Protocol. [300][301] During this time, his administration had used the neologism AfPak to denote Afghanistan and Pakistan as a single theater of operations in the war on terror. ", "Barack Obama Campaign Promise No. Race to the Top had strong bipartisan support, with centrist elements from both parties. [180][181] In 2012, Obama implemented the DACA policy, which protected roughly 700,000 illegal immigrants from deportation; the policy applies only to those who were brought to the United States before their 16th birthday. [431] The New York Times reported in 2009 that the NSA had been intercepting communications of American citizens including a Congressman, although the Justice Department believed that the NSA had corrected its errors. Bush. US presidential administration from 2009 to 2017, President Obama signs the ARRA into law on February 17, 2009 in, President Obama addresses a joint session of Congress, with Vice President, Toggle Transition period, inauguration, and first 100 days subsection, Toggle Elections during the Obama presidency subsection, Transition period, inauguration, and first 100 days. [61] In National Federation of Independent Business v. Sebelius, a 5-4 majority upheld the constitutionality of the Affordable Care Act, even though it made state Medicaid expansion voluntary. [161] The following year, Obama appointed Todd M. Hughes to the Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit, making Hughes the first openly gay federal judge in US history. It was opposed by the left wing of the Democratic Party, and by the right wing of the Republican Party, and criticized for centralizing too much power in Washington. [432] In 2011, Obama signed a four-year extension of some provisions of the Patriot Act. [312][313] Obama also increased US military ties with Vietnam,[314] Australia, and the Philippines, increased aid to Laos, and contributed to a warming of relations between South Korea and Japan. [487] Donald Trump theorized that Obama had been born in Kenya; an April 2011 CNN poll taken shortly before Obama released his long-form birth certificate found that 40% of Republicans believed that Obama had been born in Kenya. Obama [52] In March 2010, after Obama announced an executive order reinforcing the current law against spending federal funds for elective abortion services,[53] the House passed the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act. [118] The recovery from the Great Recession was marked by a lower labor force participation rate, some economists attributing the lower participation rate partially to an aging population and people staying in school longer, as well as long-term structural demographic changes. [84] The deal provided momentum for a potential multilateral global warming agreement among the world's largest carbon emitters. [184] Despite executive actions to protect some individuals, deportations of illegal immigrants continued under Obama. Starting in the spring of 2013 secret meetings were conducted between the United States and Cuba, with the meetings taking place in the neutral locations of Canada and Vatican City. He did not face any significant rivals for the Democratic nomination. [433] In June 2013 the existence of PRISM, a clandestine mass electronic surveillance data mining program operated by the United States National Security Agency (NSA) since 2007, was leaked by NSA contractor Edward Snowden, who warned that the extent of mass data collection was far greater than the public knew. Obama ", "Federal Individual Income Tax Rates History", "Senate Republicans block 9/11 health bill", "Today's Power Play: Republicans and Democrats Play Chicken With Lame Duck", "Democrats Skeptical of Obama on New Tax Plan", "Bernie Sanders Filibuster: Senator Stalls Tax Cut Deal", "Congress votes to extend Bush-era tax cuts until '12", "Divided House Passes Tax Deal in End to Latest Fiscal Standoff", "Fiscal cliff deal stops many tax hikes, but leaves big issues pending", "Lines Blur in U.S.-Europe Debate on Austerity", "What is the Simpson-Bowles Commission? [54] Both houses of Congress also passed a reconciliation measure to make significant changes and corrections to the PPACA; this second bill was signed into law on March 30, 2010. [486] Obama received the support of 90% of Democrats, 60% of independents, and 40% of Republicans in January 2009 polls. [486] In a Gallup poll taken in the final week of his presidency, Obama registered a 95% approval rating with Democrats, a 61% approval rating with independents, and a 14% approval rating with Republicans. [473] However, according to Glenn Thrush of Politico, Obama had long supported Clinton as his preferred successor, and Obama dissuaded Vice President Biden from running against Clinton. In 2009, Obama announced a plan to increase the Corporate Average Fuel Economy to 35 miles per US gallon (6.7L/100km)], a 40 percent increase from 2009 levels. ", "400 U.S. troops will deploy to train Syrian opposition", "Mission Ends in Afghanistan, but Sacrifices Are Not Over for U.S. [494][495] In an April 2013 survey by History News Network (HNN) website in Seattlefour years and three months into the Obama presidency203 scholars from 69 top US colleges and universities gave Obama a B grade on an AF scale. "[240] The shooting of Michael Brown in Ferguson, Missouri sparked a wave of protests. A member of the Democratic Party, Obama [365], Obama expanded the drone strike program begun by the Bush administration, and the Obama administration conducted drone strikes against targets in Yemen, Somalia, and, most prominently, Pakistan. Director, Is Named Special Counsel for Russia Investigation", "What the Mueller Report Tells Us About Russian Influence Operations", "Robert Mueller kneecaps President Trump's no collusion, no obstruction mantra", "Explaining the Toxic Obama-Netanyahu Marriage", "The personal tension between Obama, Netanyahu", "George Mitchell resigns as Middle East envoy", "Exclusive: Obama brushed off Reid's plea on Palestinian state", "Obama Signs Law Providing $225 Million for Israel's Iron Dome", "US abstains as UN demands end to Israeli settlements", "The Trans-Pacific Partnership Trade Deal Explained", "Congress Ends 5-Year Standoff on Trade Deals in Rare Accord", "U.S. Official Lobbies for Trans-Atlantic Trade Pact", "Trans-Pacific Partnership: Obama pushes US lead role in Asia (+video)", "Deal reached on Pacific Rim trade pact in boost for Obama economic agenda", "Trans-Pacific Partnership: vast trade deal made public", "Obama Faces Backlash Over New Corporate Powers In Secret Trade Deal", "Elizabeth Warren Opposing Obama Trade Nominee Michael Froman", "Trade Authority Bill Wins Final Approval in Senate", "How Trump and Clinton teamed up to sink trade", "U.S. [174] The law also ended the use of waivers by the Education Secretary. He delivered his inaugural address immediately following his oath. Hunter Biden Reaches Deal to Plead Guilty to Misdemeanor Tax Circuit to fill Scalia's seat. [382] In August 2015, following the restoration of official diplomatic relations, the United States and Cuba reopened their respective embassies. Despite Obama's release of his long-form birth certificate, which affirmed that Obama was born in Hawaii, a 2015 CNN poll found that 20% of Americans believed that Obama was born outside of the country. BRUSSELS (Reuters) - Ukraine's work with allies to build broad international support for a peace blueprint has made progress but any summit to endorse a document [366] Though the drone strikes killed high-ranking terrorists, they were also criticized for resulting in civilian casualties. [153] Meanwhile, the country faced another debt ceiling crisis. Romney called for lower taxes, spending cuts, an increase in defense spending, and a repeal of Obamacare (even though it was based on a Massachusetts healthcare plan developed under Romney). Memo Made Legal Case to Kill a Citizen", "Secret 'Kill List' Proves a Test of Obama's Principles and Will", "Secret talks in Canada, Vatican City led to Cuba breakthrough", "Secret U.S.-Cuba diplomacy ended in landmark deal on prisoners, future ties", "U.S. to Restore Full Relations With Cuba, Erasing a Last Trace of Cold War Hostility", "U.S. Officially Removes Cuba From State Sponsors of Terrorism List", "Raising of Old Glory in Havana expected to help heal old wounds", "With visit, Obama aims to push acrimony with Cuba into past", "With A Handshake And More, Obama Shifts U.S.-Latin America Policy", "Renewed U.S.-Cuba Ties Will Benefit Larger Relations With Latin America", "A Long Legacy of Distrust and the Future of Cuban-US Relations", "Obama Debate Comments Set Off Firestorm", "Iran Agrees to Framework of Nuclear Deal", "G.O.P.
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