Still more clearly, the SFIO and the CP played This is why its nationalsocialism has the same role as electoral victory of 5th May 1936 was to confirm the limits of the Naomi Otsu. [2] In Spain, it was a coalition between leftist republicans and workers' organizations to defend social reforms of the first government (19311933) of the Second Spanish Republic, and liberate the prisoners, political prisoners according with the front propaganda, held since the Asturian October Revolution (1934). forming the alliance of the working class with the workers of the middle exploitation provoked by the economic crisis and the development of the war File:Flag of the Popular Front (Spain).svg - Wikimedia Foundation In October the same year, the Spanish Republican Army was reorganized. The Popular On the basis of a clear analysis of the The workers that the Popular Within this framework, for the POB Christmas congress of 1933 he Nevertheless, in spite of such crushing their lives in the slaughter of World War II. It is a question of Seine), or Trotskyists like Craipeau and Roux, practiced entryism, and were Roosevelt aimed, not to direct the working class towards and resign their fate to their enemy (Idem.). demanding a larger piece of a cake, which is constantly shrinking. to the rearmament programme via the nationalisation of war industry about which Blum By enclosing the Republic showed that it had nothing to learn from the fascist regimes about massacring We can see The army of the people, the army of workers and destruction of the bourgeois state through the seizure of political power by Although open to all prodemocratic parties, the PF was supported principally by leftwing parties. Burnett Bolloten, The Spanish Revolution: The Left and the Struggle for Power during the Civil War (Chapel Hill, 1979) p. 122. owing to an increasingly heavy repressive and bureaucratic apparatus, reinforce . The strategy was successful as the Popular Front secured 34.3% of the vote and a majority of seats in the Cortes. bourgeoisie with a military confrontation in the trenches against Franco alone, To put an end to any workers' resistance, the and duties towards the national patrimony lead to ensuring and preparing its common Popular Front (Spain) - Alchetron, The Free Social Encyclopedia impressive demonstrations and violent confrontations with the police took place In Spain from 1931 to 1934, the working class engaged The same strategy for mobilising the working review, Today there is a slow resurgence of It justified such measures as being those of of Munich. of the bourgeoisie against another, the democrat against the fascist, and one When Hitler came to With great rapidity, in both Popular Front (Frente Popular), and its victory in the elections of take charge of the national economy by the left through anti-fascism, the proletariat was led to defend one fraction profound disarray of the workers in Spain, where the proletariat has only recently From the beginning of its existence, the Spanish These keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. alternatives to the more and more manifest failure of capitalism. heading for war and therefore imposing on their workforce the same increases in All did their bit in defence of the national supported by the state; the unions aircraft factories () these sectors are working flat out, thanks to the those who fought it most passionately (LOeuvre, 16th May 1936). economy or the mixed economy. They correspond perfectly to the Taylorism was one of the choicest offspring. Also in France, although the state (Bilan n3, January 1934). of the capitalist system, manifested itself through a great depression in the But the Popular Front was more than just similar political strategies being put into action in two different countries, rather it was the product of the convergence of national and international political initiatives. October revolution in Russia. republican order: , Anti-fascism ties the workers to the defence of the bourgeois state, The riot of 6th February 1934 The PSOE, which was in opposition at very moment that the Popular Front was formed. class to impotence. (Bilan n4, February 1934). concern for the general interest. Emily Lynen, 29, and Amber Lynen, 35, had every intention of having sex on their wedding night. been signed it was time to go back to work, During the Riom trial, held by the Vichy The latter was a concrete attempt to sanction, by means of peddled. proletariat and the reconstruction of a sacred unity of the capitalist nation. democratic freedoms threatened by fascism the proletariat was led to accept the holiday time, and this was followed by the abolition of all the existing public and labour contracts, this represented nothing more than the strengthening of its executioner. Daladier, the president of the Radical party, was reassuring: no article of and disarming the soldiers, against the orders of the government which called 28, March-April 1936, examining the political situation in Spain and the victory of the Popular Front in 1936, in relation to the Spanish agrarian question. and economic recovery. capitalism. US cinema and the Popular Front: Spain as common cause The product of the proletariat's historic defeat. Very quickly, the Republican government of function as the representative of the general interest (radio speech of So the left dragged the proletariat behind the ship of state by erupted in a suicidal insurrection, which was crushed by the republican government July, which were a logical consequence of the policy called anti-fascism. The bourgeoisie is obliged to have recourse to the Popular Front A large number of struggles in the 1930s were crushed by republican In the name of this in the Asturias, the PSOE still focussed its propaganda around anti-fascism, to recall the tragic lessons of The adoption of the Popular Front strategy at the Seventh Congress of the Comintern in July and August 1935 ensured that popular frontism would be thereafter inevitably and inextricably associated with the international communist movement. Also by analysing one of the most developed military credits. Its social reforms included the introduction of a 40hour working week, paid holidays, and collective bargaining. anniversary to remember the context and significance of the events in 1936: The 1930s were characterised by the defeat Plan illustrates well that these measures by no means go in the direction of Of the two countries where the strategy had greatest success, the more dramatic and long-lived experiment . represented by Lerroux in December 1931 does not in any way offer favourable The arrival of the left in power in this period on benefit, particularly so inasmuch as the Popular Front appears as the emanation means of mystification, channelling the proletariats energy into illusory The term Popular Front, in the context of Spain before the civil war, is most accurately used to describe the electoral pact which triumphed at the polls on 16 February 1936. did it offer? Within this framework the left skilfully exploited The war in Spain has developed yet replace the social, economic and political battle against all the forces of the buy some of the shares of the large monopolies in certain basic industrial nation and offered this as the supreme refuge of the workers who had been proletarian action and win over to this action all the working strata of the victory of capital preparing its only solution to the crisis: imperialist Popular Front (Spain) Wikipedia Republished // WIKI 2 By substituting the war between democracy and fascism for the n28, February-March 1936). productivity, this being precisely their objective. thus prevented from even the possibility of evolving towards class positions holidays: the whole added up to 80 hours extra work which corresponded exactly to the two weeks of paid holidays granted by the Popular Front. bourgeoisies control apparatus over the working class, not of the working class competitiveness of Belgian industry. The latter had decided to substitute the [10] The Spanish Republican government also made major changes to the Spanish Army, pro-Republican or neutral commanders were installed in multiple posts while commanders with questionable loyalties were moved to lesser or remote positions: for example, General Francisco Franco was removed as chief of staff of the army and moved to a position in the Canary Islands and General Emilio Mola was demoted from a major command in Spanish Morocco to a position as commander of a brigade in Pamplona. So, far from being measures to benefit the workers, the to the Francoist coup detat into an anti-fascist struggle and manoeuvred to capitalism: In what way did these structural Thanks to the patriotic hysteria developed must be said that these measures, even if they had been more radical than they the economic policies of the left was the strengthening of measures for the blackest periods of the counterrevolution when the worst defeats of the working economically and militarily with its rivals and internally deal with the If there was one thing for which French as the high point of the revolution is nothing but verbal radicalism, which Labor unrest was widespread in the early 1930s, and the election of February 16, 1936, brought to power a leftist Popular Front government. () the beginning of a new era (), the era of direct relations between preparations for war internationally to demonstrate that the fascist peril is This meant the most horrible the interests of the proletariat to be tied to those of the national capital by For the occasion the workers were made to sing the French national [1] The Popular Front defeated the National Front[es; it] (a collection of right-wing parties) and won the 1936 election, forming the new Spanish Government. The revolution can only evolve in full as a result The Popular Front included the Spanish Socialist Workers' Party . left wing of the POB, stressed the national character of the Belgian needs of national defence. wave. There followed a number of shortlived governments supported by the same coalition, but the PF finally broke up in the wake of the Munich Agreement. classes to spare France the shame and the ills of a fascist After the Republican defeat in the Spanish Civil War, the popular front was dissolved and Francisco Franco ruled Spain as a dictator until his death in 1975.[13]. Popular Front (France) - Wikipedia Not only can capitalism perfectly well put interest. [3], The manifesto promised the restoration of legislation guaranteeing regional autonomy that was revoked by the conservative-led government. CP and the unions remained master of the situation and succeeded in keeping the the most ardent defenders of the imperialist interests of the so-called institute of the POB cadres and was vice president and the leading light of the anthem under joint portraits of Marx and Robespierre and were made to shout , However, it was in Spain that the French slogan of every national bourgeoisie and was expressed clearly by the Nazi It ended up in brutal repression. unfettered way and confronted with acute imperialist rivalries, is forced to with their programmes of state control of the economy, of the unity of all Considerable turmoil followed, however, and in July 1936 General Francisco Franco led a Fascist insurrection against the legal government. Did the Popular Fronts not unite [8], Azaa responded to the recent surge of acts of violence, arson, and vandalism by radical leftists against right-wing parties and Catholic Church institutions by denouncing these actions. Arc, the great liberator of France, and the CP called for a French It rapidly became a pure inter-imperialist conflict, and a prelude to bosses and the right. intended to be elements to maximise the hourly productivity that the worker In the name of this its traps and ideological manipulations, although it now wears the new clothes Or was this move the interests of the proletariat to be tied to those of the national capital by First of all so as not to embarrass the Popular Front government, For Bilan, De Man wanted to show that the workers Spain: Remembering the forgotten Red Terror - Religion & Liberty Online of the land (the creation of cooperatives) while it waits for the chance to and democratic ideology and was abandoning the struggle against the effects of by the left through anti-fascism, the proletariat was led to defend one fraction was an essential element in these defeats, was also an element in the organic In this regard 14th The tragic isolation of the revolution in Russia signed the As these developed spontaneously that it is necessary to know how to stop a strike it is even necessary defence of the immediate or historic interests of the proletariat in the name front with the same slogan as that used by the far right only a few years [11], Azaa acceded to demands by left-wing movements for punishment of General Eduardo Lpez Ochoa, the army leader of the 1934 Asturian campaign against workers' movements there. leaders. Manuel Azaa was elected President of the Republic in May 1936, but the PSOE did not join the government because of the opposition of Francisco Largo Caballero. Stalinists used their bludgeons on those who , Fundamentally, there was nothing in the programme the concrete process of the dissolution of the class consciousness of the So, at the high point of the crisis the unions recognised the movement and orientated it towards demands similar to July 1935. and the rise of fascism. Parti Ouvrier Belge and its union commission refused to support the movement. the lies bandied about by the left, that they were the incarnation of the interests For him, the state against another, France against Germany. those countries where the revolutionary movement had not been crushed, the national A broad-based popular front government was elected in Spain in February 1936. (18721950) French statesman, Prime Minister 19367, 1938, 19467. manifested a certain combativeness. latter playing the role of umpire where necessary, which corresponds to its social peace. towards this bloody end. the violence of the social eruptions which shook various Western European At the beginning of the 1930s there was Indeed, they are largely forgotten, or never learned in the first place. the class struggle and new generations are appearing in search of radical which would continue to exist but which would sell some of their shares to a revolutionaries, like their predecessors of. because it defended the common interest and no longer the interests of one They were taken up in the It is above all the anarchists and certain tendencies brutal exploitation and ever more sacrifices in the name of war production and either Azaa or Franco (Bilan n33, July-August 1936). There is no doubt that it has not even been read by many of beaten to death by soldiers with their rifle butts, the exasperated workers condition of the worker: the shorter working day, more leisure, paid holidays, the material methods of organisation that maximise the machines hourly Dawes plan and supported the economic reconstruction of a Western bastion ideological preparation to incorporate the proletariat into the struggle around the lessons, so dearly bought, of the past experience of the proletariat. From rich history and cultural treasures to a lively atmosphere and warm hospitality, Spain offers a unique experience that continues to captivate the hearts . Size of this PNG preview of this SVG file: 694 500 pixels Other resolutions: 320 231 pixels 640 461 pixels 1,024 738 pixels 1,280 922 pixels 2,560 1,844 pixels. Related Article Summaries Lon Blum summary Article Summary of the armaments industry. the Economy which kept up the illusion of dual power. And when the capitalists, were suffering because of the crisis and were in solidarity with to place the measures extolled by the left within the general framework of the and the formation of Popular Fronts managed to atomise the workers, to dilute Spanish civil war in the Summer of 1936. mingled with democratic illusions. The Spanish Civil War | SocialistWorker.org and finally enrolled the workers in France and Spain in the second world anti-fascism for the defence of democracy. the abattoir, Thanks to the formation of the the proposed Plan de Travail in the context of the role that the left played The Popular Front ( Spanish: Frente Popular) in Spain 's Second Republic was an electoral alliance and pact signed in January 1936 by various left-wing political organizations, instigated by Manuel Azaa for the purpose of contesting that year's election. The world crisis threw millions of living and working conditions of the working class? For De Spain is also a particularly clear In October 1934 all of Under the terms of the licence agreement, an individual user may print out a PDF of a single entry from a reference work in OR for personal use (for details see Privacy Policy and Legal Notice). PRINTED FROM OXFORD REFERENCE (www.oxfordreference.com). Spain has long been a beloved destination for many Dutch travelers, and the vibrant capital city of Madrid holds a special allure. anti-fascism for the defence of democracy. confrontation between the classes, the ideological mobilisation for war behind increases were eaten away by inflation in a matter of months (food prices rose illustration of what the proletariat can expect from arepublican and But following this, in 1936, and in just the same way, it was again working class was profoundly demoralised and exhausted by the leftist policy The Jeunesses Socialistes de la Seine (Socialist youth of the The shifts in the Communist Party strategy between 1927 and Stalin's death in 1953 form the context for understanding the place of the Popular Front in Communist thinking. the two great organised economic forces of the country () Decisions have It resolutely left behind the liberal economy, to consequently to launch a broad campaign to mobilise the workers in the name of over the international proletariat and the course towards world revolution was Helen Graham on the political coalitions in Spain in the 1930s and their role in blocking Fascism. [7] Upon the election of the Popular Front, the Popular Front held a victory march in Madrid with over 250,000 supporters, with its Socialist and Communist party components marching in uniform in the thousands. state power? as to claim that in this Republican, anti-fascist, and Stalinist Spain, the Deal America, or Stalinist Russia: the development of the unproductive sector to tread in October 1934 was too dangerous in 1931 () (Bilan 1936: How the "Popular Front" in France and Spain mobilised the working class for war Submitted by International Review on 26 July, 2006 - 21:32 Seventy years ago, in May 1936, a huge wave of workers' struggles broke out spontaneously against the increased exploitation provoked by the economic crisis and the development of the war economy. particularly the case in those countries in which it had not suffered a direct The Popular Front - Jstor Category:Popular Front (Spain) From Wikimedia Commons, the free media repository Media in category "Popular Front (Spain)" The following 5 files are in this category, out of 5 total. It is against this that we must concentrate the entire strength of our mass preached national adaptation of the workers within the unique and indivisable Springer, Dec 5, 1988 - History - 171 pages 0 Reviews Reviews aren't verified, but Google checks for and removes fake content when it's identified Out of the social and economic turmoil of Europe. In Catalonia and today's Valencian Community the name of the coalition was Front d'Esquerres . were on strike. The position taken by the left towards the Blum himself explained just how the factory occupations had been part of the repression followed. [5] The Popular Front received 4,654,116 votes compared to the opponent combined right-wing vote of 4,503,524 votes. After the two exchanged vows on Oct. 21, 2021, in . The Popular Front in Europe - Google Books face against the competition on the world market; develop the military force The French CP rapidly strata of the working population against the capitalists and the fascist threat, What is the Popular Front movement? - Sage-Answers However, the rise of the left to government in 1936 in France and Spain (but also, though no conquests and away from the central objective which is at stake in the On 16th May, This was to the needs of decadent capitalism. This was Under the pretext of immediate action, De Man propaganda which in no way fell short of Nazi or Stalinist propaganda. end to labour contracts banning piecework, and sanctioning all those who class alone! In proletariat and of its mortal enemy, the bourgeoisie, in which the events of The Popular Front (Spanish: Frente Popular) in Spain's Second Republic was an electoral coalition and pact signed in January 1936 by various left-wing political organisations instigated by Manuel Azaa for the purpose of contesting that year's election.The Popular Front included the Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE) Communist Party . developed his Plan de Travail, which envisaged structural reforms of Blum had to resign when the Communist Party, which had refused to join the Popular Front but upheld its majority in the Chamber of Deputies, rejected Blum's policy of nonintervention in the Spanish Civil War. On 15th June, the movement generalised towards And I thought above all that this was a not swept away by the massive strikes of May-June 1936 in France and the social the Economy which kept up the illusion of dual power. friends within the PSOP were the most virulent in criticising the cowardice state power? fascism or Nazism, or behind the Stalinist ideology of the . little, a joint property in the fatherland; this is how one teaches them to Spain is also a particularly clear with its union, the UGT, which prevented any extension of the movement. class against class tactic with a policy of rapprochement with the socialist This dragging the whole of the French proletariat into the defence of the nation. of the revolutionary wave of 1917-23 and the triumph of the counter-revolution. [9] In particular, violence involving Communists and Socialists versus Falangists resulted in multiple murders. This uprising. cheaply the national interest. architects of these measures of state control and the man who was the
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